Monday, May 20, 2013

US to invade Syria? A cautionary tale.

On May 16, 2013, The New York Times published an op-ed article making an apparently sensible argument for US military intervention in (in English, "invasion of") Syria  The article follows a meeting between Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan of Turkey and Brak Hussein Obama of the United States.


The author asserts

Only direct American military engagement will rally the disparate parties that want to act against Mr. Assad into unified action.
The author argues. . .
By presenting Moscow with a counter-incentive, threatening to act alone if Moscow does not use its influence to bring an end to the conflict, the United States could demonstrate that it is serious about engagement. This would also lighten the pressure on Turkey, which is hesitant to take further steps in Syria without at least tacit Russian consent. Russia is Turkey’s historic nemesis and the only country in the region with an economy and military larger than Turkey’s. The Turks fear the Russians and will not confront them alone.
Turkey needs US invasion of Syria, says the author, because the 5000,000 Alawites who live in Turkey's southern Hatay province are destabilizing Turkey, as are the "once dormant Marxist militant groups", who have awakened.

The author recommends  that the US invasion consists of arming rebels, creating a no-fly zone, and "creating a buffer zone in northern Syria along the Turkish border to protect rebel-captured areas", with boots on the ground, to insure that Russia knows we are serious.

The article does not mention any possible Russian response.

I note that Turkey is a member of NATO, so direct military action by Russia against Turkey is unlikely  though destabilization should be within Russia's power.



Here's the Turkish province of Hatay, home to 500,0o00 Alawites, said to be destabilizing Turkey:















I could not find images of militancy  nor could I find text or images of the "once dormant Marxist groups said to be destabilizing Turkey.  I did find a recent one from madison, Wisconsin:





Al Monitor, whose provenance is uncertain, has a cautionary tale. After first noting that Erdoğan is more assertive at home than he was in Washington . . .

Erdogan was not as firm as he has been when addressing this issue in Turkey. At the White House, for example, he did not accuse the Syrian regime of using chemical weapons, nor did he express his belief that the US-Russian efforts to hold talks with the Syrian opposition and the regime are futile. To the contrary, Erdogan sounded like he had softened his pessimism about the Geneva talks.
. . . Al Monitor reports:
More importantly, Turkey’s strong support for the Syrian opposition continues to raise eyebrows, even domestically. A former prominent Justice and Development Party member told Al-Monitor, “We have been on the wrong side of the opposition in Syria, and have been unfortunately in a position of inciting sectarian fighting.” Sharing insider knowledge about the radical and extremist elements in Syria, this former prominent AKP deputy said, “There are those radicals, who after freeing a territory from the Syrian regime’s military, ask whether the women that are left behind could be granted to them as a trophy based on the Shariah law. And we support those groups with the  Qataries.  Even the Saudis are reluctant to do so, and they support more secular groups. And Americans are therefore very cautious toward Turkey’s involvement in Syria.” [Emphasis added.]
I note that the "former  prominent Justice and Development Party member" is not named, and if accurate, the Qataries [Qatari] finance Al Gore's Al Jazeera, and that is, indeed, worrisome.

No report of the meeting of the two leaders appears in Today's Zaman, Turkey's primer English language newspaper in Google News, which is curious.  APA, an authoritative newspaper out of Azerbaijan, carried this report. . . 
[ 17 May 2013 00:13 ]
Baku-APA. US President Barack Obama said Syrian President Bashar al-Assad needs to leave power for a political solution in Syria after meeting with Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan at the White House in Washington, D.C., on Thursday, APA reports quoting Todays Zaman.
. . . which doesn't ad much.


I can find no news from an Egyptian source on US militarty involvment in Syria, also curious.


China Weekly, quoting Gorge Freemen's Startfor, supposes US invasion would be aln exercise in futility:
News Analysis: U.S. military intervention in Syria no easy task
English.news.cn   2013-05-01 06:43:00            
by Matthew Rusling 
WASHINGTON, April 30 (Xinhua) -- Reports of the use of chemical weapons in Syria have sparked talk of U.S. military intervention, but experts said stopping the bloodshed in the war-torn country could prove a gargantuan task. 
U.S. President Barack Obama has repeatedly said any use of chemical weapons would constitute a "red line" that could spur U. S. military involvement at some level, but Obama urged caution Tuesday, suggesting in a White House press briefing that more proof was needed. 
Some experts said U.S. military invention could prove a long, slogging operation -- a far-cry from the relatively clean, in-and- out 2011 Western-led operation in Libya, and others argued any U.S. intervention is destined to fail.
Global intelligence company Stratfor CEO George Friedman, writing Tuesday on his company's website, contended U.S. intervention would simply amount to another force entering the fray, and would not stop the bloodshed in embattled Syria.
"The United States, with its European allies, does not have the force needed to end Syria's bloodshed," Friedman argued. "If it tried, it would merely be held responsible for the bloodshed without achieving any strategic goal." 
Indeed, the U.S. found through two grueling wars in Iraq and Afghanistan that while destroying a government was relatively easy, imposing Western-style democracy was much harder, if not impossible, he said. 
"Many things are beyond the military power of the United States," Friedman said. "Creating constitutional democracies by invasion is one of those things." 
Halting civil war in Syria would mean the use of "overwhelming power," which also leads to overwhelming casualties, he said. " You cannot transform the political culture of a country from the outside unless you are prepared to devastate it as was done with Germany and Japan."
Nevertheless, the Obama administration is eying the country sharply, prompting talk of a U.S.-backed no-fly zone similar to the one established in Libya before the ouster of strongman Muammar Gaddafi. Options might also include air attacks against chemical weapons storage facilities or strikes against Syrian combat aircraft or heavy artillery positions. 
But Middle East Institute scholar Wayne White told Xinhua that Syria's air defenses are advanced enough to pose a major risk to NATO aircraft and crews. 
He also noted that most targets in Syria are deep inland, increasing the exposure of U.S. or allied pilots to anti- aircraft defenses and increasing the possibility of a pilot crashing in hostile territory. 
Syria's geographic layout stands in sharp contrast to Libya, as the bulk of populated Libya lies along the coast, providing an easier escape route for damaged aircraft to exit the country's airspace. 
Moreover, a no-fly zone would not prevent Syrian ground troops from unleashing lethal attacks with chemical weapons, said White, former deputy director of the U.S. State Department's Middle East Intelligence Office. 
Others options might include joint operations with several partners to provide weaponry for rebels not affiliated with Islamic extremists, but a rash of hurdles come with that choice.
White argued the most effective rebel groups have become Islamic extremists. In some cases over the past 12 to 15 months, they are openly affiliated with al-Qaeda, adding to fears that weaponry could fall into the hands of Islamic militants.

Friedman is usually, I think, in the Neoconic camp, opposed to  all things Russian.

RT, the national Russian newspaper, notes -- perhaps not a non sequitur -- only thus:

Rebels film execution of 11 Syrian soldiers, as Obama continues anti-Assad rhetoric

Wikipedia has a worthwhile history of foreign involvement in at the Syrian civil war, including this useful map:


Tuesday, May 14, 2013

The Nation of Baluchistan blooms on the dessert air, perhaps

Some 1,500,000 Balochi live in Iran, as a result of an agreement between Britain and Iran in the mid-19th Century.  They live mostly in the Sistan and Baluchistan Province in Southern Iran, Iran's poorest and most neglected province. They are mostly Sunni in Shia Iran and are mistreated by Iranians.


Around 400,000 Balochi live in Afghanistan, a consequence of the insensitive Durand Line dividing he Pashtun people in 1893.  The Baloch people hav customs compatible with the Pashtun the live at peace with them.  The Afghan Baloch are are now at war with the United States.  The live mainly in the Afghanistan provinces of Nimroz, Helmand, Kandahar, and Farah, where the United States' "surge" took place and from whence the United States drones Balochi living in North Balochistan, who, in turn, are said to plot against the United States.




At least 13,000,000 Balochi live in the Baluchistan Province of Pakistan  They make up about 5 % of Pakistan's population.  They are mistreated by the Oxford-educated, English-speaking Rulers of Pakistan  who are predominately Punjabi.

The Pashtun and the Balochi have similar cultural traditions and
 live at peace with one another.

Many Balochi, but perhaps not a majority of them, agitate for the Nation of Baluchistan which would be made of Balochi living in Pakistan, Iran, and Afghanistan. . .


. . . and being poor have had little leverage to secure either a Nation or a better life for themselves.

The Baloch now have some leverage.

Pakistan needs natural gas and needs it badly.

Iran, its neighbor to the East, has the World's largest natural gas field, , badly needs to export it, and Pakistan has signed agreements for the Iran-Pakistan Pipeline.  The IP Pipeline, if completed, would satisfy Pakistan's energy needs, and perhaps India's and China's.  It would run through Balochi territory.


To the North, above Afghanistan, Turkmenistan has the World's' second largest natural gas fields (third, if Russia's is counted). The Turkmenistan–Afghanistan–Pakistan–India Pipeline, TAP or TAPI, if completed, would supply all of Pakistan's energy needs, and also reach India and China. It would run through Baluchi territory.

The IP Pipeline is supported by Iran and the previous Pakistan administration.  It is opposed by the United Staates with all the instruments of power at its disposal, save War; and by the Horrible Saudi.  The newly-elected president of Pakistan is close to the Saudi, and seems intent on renegotiating the US incursions on Pakistan territory.  The fate of the IP Pipeline is unknown yet.

The TAPI pipeline is supported by Pakistan, and the United States supports it as an alternative to the IP Pipeline, even though Turkmenistan is ruled by Saparmurat Atayevich Niyazov, President for Life, a holdover from the Soviet rea with a wretched human rights record..  The TAPI Pipeline must cross Persian-specking Tajiks in Hera;, Afghan  Pashtun and Balochi in Kandahar; and the Baluchi in Pakistan. It must cross the especially  active region of  Quetta. That presents negotiating challenges, milady stated.


An organized Balochi could block either pipeline, or at l sabotage either.  It is uncertain whether there is a group in Baluchistan sufficiently organized to force concessions from either Iran or Pakistan.

The prospect of organized opposition to Iranian or Pakistani despotism is slim, given Islamabad's and Tehran's inhumane repression (see The Baloch people have a right to self-determination), and there is some reason for optimism despite persecution.



For a thoughtful look at Baloch prospects, see Baloch Nationalism and the Geopolitics of Energy Resources: The Changing Context of Separatism in Pakistan,Strategic Studies Institutie, United States Army Waar College.


IMAGES OF BALOCHISTAN

Tourists don't go to Balochistan areas often, so most of the images posted on line are of violence, and that is not typical of the area.  The Baloch are a tribal people and I do not possess any characteristic that would fit tribal mores.  Within the communities of the Baloch, there is much to admire, including the ability to survive in a harsh land.  See, e.g.here.


Baloch in Pakistan:

Quetta in the North, the capital of the Pakistan provine of Balochistan:







Below, images of Asura, 2012,in Quitta, an annual religious rite
 of the large Shiite population of Quetta,
not bombed by Sunni in 2012,
mourning the masterdom of Hussein
on the plains of Karbala in what is now Iraq.  
Hussein was the grandson of  the Holy Prophet.






Gwadar, a port city on the Arabian Sea being developed by China, which will province China a trace route throughout central Asia.  Baloch nationalists see an effort to drown out their calls for independence.













Kauzdar, in the center, the capital of the Kauzdar District.  The district has a population of about 500,000 Balochi:







Balochi satire.  Pakistani saluting  the Pakistan flag.







The Baloch Dessert, which occupies most of Pakistan




My satire:
Texas, Our Texas! all hail the mighty State!
Texas, Our Texas! so wonderful so great!



Balochi in Iran

The Sistan and Baluchistan Province of Iran



  











Balochi in Afghanistan






Possibly cattle rustlers